Team+B+WIKI

Inspiring and Historical Events of Nursing Science and Research 1951-1980 //**Candice Allen, Marie Donegan-Horton, Marcia Rederth, Jamie Wells, Karey Whitten**//

** __1950s__ **

**1955: The first nursing research program was founded. ** //Research Grants and// //Fellowship Branch of the Division// //of Nursing Resources, Bureau of Medical Services//. A federally funded program; national acknowledgment of growing need for nursing research. Nursing is stepping further into the realm of recognized and accepted science. Visit the history section of the [|National Institute of Nursing Research] __[|www.ninr.nih.gov]____[|/].__

** 1955: The Division of nursing research partnered with American Nurses Associationcreating the Interagency conference on Nursing Statistics .** The partnership produced a large network of nursing researchers and statisticians. Voids in nursing information and statistics were distributed, leading to the launch of many additional collaborative nursing research projects.



**1958: Army Nurse, Lt. Col Harriet H. Werley has the distinction as the first designated nurse researcher at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. ** Werley collaborated on research for First Responders in Mass Casualties. Werley participated in conferences with IBM company identifying data processing needs and possible future computer applications. Werley pioneered the nursing research field and advocated for nursing entry to computer era. Full information on Werley's role in nursing informatics can be found in the Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association __[|www.jamia.org/]__

__**1960s**__

 **1965: American Nurses Association sponsors the first research conferences ** The American Nurses Association research conferences were for nurse researchers to participate, contribute to critiquing research studies by nurses, and improve nursing knowledge on research. The American Nurses Association research conferences were important in improving nursing research and advancing nursing science.

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**1967: Sigma Theta Tau publishes its first nursing journal. ** Image:Journal of Nursing Scholarship disseminates findings of research studies by nurse researchers. The importance of this article was to improve knowledge, communication, and research utilization in nursing science. The journal is known as Journal of Nursing Scholarship and is published quarterly.

__**1970s**__

<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**1972: Archie Cochrane published //Effectiveness and Efficiency: Random Reflections on Health Services// ** <span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">//Effectiveness and Efficiency: Random Reflections on Health Services//was the first publiction proposing health care be based upon research to promote proven patient outcomes. It was this first publication that eventually led to the formation of the Cochrane Center and the Cochrane Collaboration in the early 1990s. The Cochrane Collaboration continues to influence nursing research today with evidence-based practice guidelines and systematic reviews of research currently taking place. The Cochrane Collaboration can be visited online at [|www.cochrane.org].

<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**1973: The First Nursing Diagnosis Conference. ** <span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">In the 1970s, an emphasis was put on the nursing process. Studies were working to identify nursing diagnosis and diagnostic processes. The first Nursing Diagnosis Conference gathered nursing theorist to discuss the development of nursing diagnosis. Prior to the Nursing Diagnosis Conference current studies were not being implemented into nursing practice. The Nursing Diagnosis Conference was a special task derived from the National Conference Group that helped facilitate the use of these studies into nursing practice. The Nursing Diagnosis Conference continues to be held every 2-3 years and is known as North American Nursing Diagnosis Association International (NANDA-I). This link provides further information about the beginnings of the Nursing Diagnosis Conferences in the 1970s : NANDA-I

<span style="color: #0bc16e; display: block; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**The following is a video that previews a program that was developed by NANDA-I.** <span style="color: #0bc16e; display: block; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">**The video shares some of the research that NANDA-I investigated about the nursing shortage in the United States.**

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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">** 1978: First publishing of //Advances in Nursing Science// **  <span style="display: block; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">In the1970s nursing theorists started to develop their theories, models, and frameworks. It was the //Advances in Nursing Science// that began to publish theorist’s work and their research that was related to his or her work. By publishing //Advances in Nursing Science// nurses could have beneficial information to help advance the profession of nursing. To this day //Advances in Nursing Science// continues to be published to help further expand nursing knowledge and research. Nurses can subscribe to the journal on this website: Advances in Nursing Science.

<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> **<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">1979: //Research in Nursing Health// and //Western Journal of Nursing Research// was first published. ** <span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">It was the addition of //<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Research in Nursing Health //<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> in 1978 and the //<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Western Journal of Nursing Research //<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> in 1979 that truly expanded the communication of nursing research findings. These journals continue to allow the nursing profession to disseminate research findings, promote scholoraship, critique, and research utilization to promote evidence-based practice in our unique and growing profession. <span style="color: #0bc16e; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Please visit; Research in Nursing Health and Western Journal of Nursing Research for more information.

<span style="color: #0bc16e; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">References

<span style="display: block; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Burns, N., and Grove, S.K. (2009). //The Practice of Nursing Research: Appraisal, Synthesis, and Generation of Evidence// //(6th ed.).// St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier.

<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Cochrane, A.L. (1972). //Effectiveness and Efficiency: Random Reflections on Health Services.// Oxfordshire, Great Britian: Marston Lindsey Ross International, Ltd.

<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Cochrane Collaboration. (2012). The Cochrane Collaboration: About Us. Retrieved from []

Inglish, P. (n.d.). //Cutting Edge Nursing Research//. Retrieved from []

<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Leifer, S. L., & Glass, L. K. (2008). Planning for Mass disaster in the 1950s: Harriet H. Werley and Nursing Research. //Nursing Research, 57(4),// 237-244.

<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;"> Research in Nursing Health. (2012). //Research in Nursing Health//. Retrieved from []

<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing (2011). Journal of Nursing Scholarship. Retrieved from []

<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">See, E.M. (1977). The ANA and Research in Nursing//. Nursing Research, 26(3),// 165-171. Retrieved from the Journals of Ovid. Western Journal of Nursing Research. (2012). //Western Journal of Nursing Research//. Retrieved from [] Sage Journals.